What type of electrical current is typically used in functional electrical stimulation?

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) commonly utilizes pulsed current because it is specifically designed to stimulate muscle contractions without causing discomfort, which is essential when aiming to improve motor function or nerve activation in individuals with neuromuscular impairments.

Pulsed current can be controlled with regard to frequency, duration, and amplitude, allowing for tailored treatment sessions that promote optimal muscle re-education and prevent fatigue. This adaptability makes it particularly effective in achieving functional movements in patients with conditions such as stroke or spinal cord injury.

In contrast, direct current can cause a continuous flow that may lead to tissue damage and discomfort, making it less suitable for functional stimulation. Alternating current typically does not provide the desired muscle activation needed for FES since it does not deliver the consistent peaks of current necessary for effective muscle contraction. Interferential current, while useful for pain relief, operates through a different mechanism and is primarily employed for analgesic purposes rather than muscle activation, making it less relevant for functional stimulation goals.