Which term describes the process when a liquid absorbs energy and changes into vapor?

The process where a liquid absorbs energy and transforms into vapor is known as evaporation. This is a physical process that occurs when molecules at the surface of a liquid gain enough energy, typically from heat, to overcome intermolecular forces and escape into the air as vapor. Evaporation is essential in various natural and industrial processes, including the water cycle and cooling mechanisms.

In contrast to this process, conduction refers to the transfer of heat through a material without the movement of the material itself, while convection involves the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids (liquids or gases) due to density differences caused by temperature variations. Conversion is a more general term that does not specifically pertain to the phase change from liquid to vapor. Thus, the selection of evaporation directly identifies the correct phenomenon related to the change from liquid to vapor in response to energy absorption.