Which therapeutic modality utilizes convection to transfer heat?

The modality that utilizes convection to transfer heat is the whirlpool. In the context of thermal modalities, convection refers to the process by which heat is transferred through the movement of fluids, such as water. In a whirlpool, the water circulates around the body part being treated, allowing for efficient heat transfer. This increased movement enhances the rate of heat transfer and helps achieve a more uniform temperature throughout the treated area, making it effective for therapeutic purposes.

Hot packs primarily work through conduction, where heat is transferred directly from the pack to the skin. Paraffin also uses conduction as it involves immersing body parts in heated wax, allowing heat to be transferred directly to the skin. Ice massage utilizes conduction as well, where cold is applied directly to the skin for cooling effects. Therefore, whirlpool stands out as the option that distinctly employs convection as its mechanism of heat transfer.